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前NASA宇航员、阿波罗任务指挥官詹姆斯·麦克迪维特逝世 享年93岁_我的网站

A |     麦克迪维特于1929年6月10日出生在芝加哥。    

    Samples of glazed pottery embedded with glass excavated from Northern Wei tombs in Pingcheng Photo: Courtesy of Shanxi Provincial Institute of ArchaeologyRare glass-inlaid glazed pottery artifacts unearthed from ancient tombs in Northwest China's Shanxi Province have provided new evidence of extensive cultural and trade exchanges between ancient China and other regions more than 1,500 years ago, according to a press release that the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology sent to the Global Times on Tuesday.
Systematic analysis conducted by the institute of pottery wares dating back to the Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) has identified distinct foreign cultural and technological elements embedded in the craftsmanship and material composition of the unique artifacts, shedding fresh light on ancient Eurasian cultural integration.
Established by the Tuoba Xianbei ethnic group, the Northern Wei Dynasty designated Pingcheng, present-day Datong city in Shanxi Province, as its capital from 398 to 494. For nearly a century, the city served as a pivotal multicultural hub where Xianbei nomadic culture, Central Plains Han culture and diverse Western Regions civilizations converged and interacted, according to a report on Chinanews.com.cn.
Archaeological excavations at multiple tomb clusters in Pingcheng, including the Dongxin Northern Wei cemetery and the Qilicun cemetery, have yielded a total of eight pieces of glass-inlaid glazed pottery. Though far fewer in number compared with common glazed pottery figurines and painted glazed wares, these artifacts feature an extremely rare inlay technique unseen elsewhere in the developmental history of Chinese ceramics, according to the press release.
Given the exceptional rarity and good preservation of the relics, researchers selected four representative pieces for comprehensive laboratory testing and material analysis. The results show that the glass inlays are primarily soda-alumina glass, most likely produced by remelting trade beads from the Indian Ocean and Pacific regions, a key commodity in ancient maritime and overland trade networks.
The findings confirm that Pingcheng maintained frequent cross-border trade and cultural communication during the Northern Wei era, with access to glass raw materials sourced from diverse overseas regions. The varied compositional characteristics of the inlaid glass provide crucial clues for studying ancient glass-making technologies, raw material circulation and long-distance trade routes in ancient East Asia, the press release noted.
Beyond material composition, the artifacts also embody prominent cross-cultural innovation in design. Their decorative motifs draw heavily on gem-encrusted gold and silver wares of the Sasanian Persian Empire, while integrating artistic elements from other Eurasian regions. The blended design styles reflect the era's prevailing trend of multicultural fusion and creative assimilation of foreign civilizations.
Archaeologists noted that the glass-inlaid glazed pottery represents an innovative technological achievement crafted by Northern Wei artisans who absorbed and refined foreign techniques and aesthetics. The distinctive craftsmanship and stylistic features of these wares exerted a far-reaching influence on ceramic production in surrounding regions and subsequent dynasties, marking a vital chapter in the evolution of ancient Chinese ceramic art.
The research underscores that ancient China's northern borderland was not an isolated cultural enclave, but an active node in Eurasian cultural and trade exchanges, where foreign elements were localized and innovated to form unique regional civilizational achievements, archaeologists from the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology said.
。他毕业于密歇根州卡拉马祖中央高中，之后在密歇根大学获得航天工程学学士学位，并于1959年以全班第一名的成绩毕业。他于1951年加入空军并以准将军衔退役。他在朝鲜战争期间驾驶F-80和F-86飞机执行了145次战斗任务。他毕业于美国空军实验试飞员学校，并完成了美国空军航空航天研究飞行员课程，并在加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地担任实验试飞员。在他的飞行员生涯中，他记录了超过5000个小时的飞行时间。1962年9月，麦克迪维特被美国宇航局选为宇航员，成为美国宇航局第二届宇航员的一员。1965年6月，他作为双子星座4号任务的指挥官首次飞入太空。

B | 麦克迪维特与空军飞行员Ed White一起参加了该计划迄今为止最雄心勃勃的飞行。

C | 在双子星座4号任务中，White将成为第一个在飞船外冒险进行正式舱外活动（EVA）的美国人，或者按照现在的说法，是太空行走。在接下来的几年里，这种技能使阿波罗探险家能够在月球上行走，美国宇航员和他们来自世界各地的伙伴能够建立国际空间站。这次任务的四天时间几乎是NASA宇航员此前在太空中的时间的两倍，此前最长的美国太空飞行是戈登·库珀的34小时水星9号任务。麦克迪维特作为阿波罗9号的指挥官进行的第二次太空飞行对人类首次登陆月球起到了关键作用。这是全套阿波罗硬件的第一次飞行，也是登月舱的第一次飞行。这次任务于1969年3月3日从美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心发射，指挥官麦克迪维特、指挥舱飞行员大卫·斯科特和登月舱飞行员拉塞尔-施魏克特。发射后，阿波罗9号进入地球轨道，机组人员对第一个载人登月舱（绰号"蜘蛛"）从头到尾进行了一次工程测试。他们模拟了将在实际月球任务中进行的机动动作。在这次任务中，宇航员与指挥和服务舱以及登月舱一起执行了一系列的飞行任务。

D | 首要任务是月球舱与指挥和服务舱的交会对接。乘员组还对月球舱进行了配置，以支持麦克迪维特和施魏克特的太空行走。在第10个飞行日，即1969年3月13日，阿波罗9号太空舱重新进入地球大气层，并在大西洋上溅起水花，在波多黎各以北约341英里处，在回收船瓜达尔卡纳尔号的视野内。麦克迪维特在太空中停留了超过14天。阿波罗9号之后，他成为月球登陆行动的经理，并带领一个团队规划月球探测计划，重新设计航天器以完成这一任务。1969年8月，他成为阿波罗航天器计划的经理，指导该计划完成阿波罗12、13、14、15和16号。

E | 1972年6月，麦克迪维特从美国空军退役并离开NASA，担任Consumers Power 公司的执行副总裁，负责公司事务。1975年3月，他加入 Pullman,公司，担任执行副总裁和董事。1975年10月，他成为 Pullman Standard 、轨道车部的总裁，后来还负责公司的租赁和工程建设领域。1981年1月，他加入罗克韦尔国际公司，担任高级副总裁，负责政府业务，以及位于华盛顿特区的罗克韦尔国际公司。他获得的众多奖项包括两枚美国宇航局杰出服务奖章和美国宇航局特殊服务奖章。由于他在美国空军的服务，他还被授予两枚空军杰出服务奖章、四枚杰出飞行十字勋章、五枚航空奖章和美国空军宇航员之翼。麦克迪维特还获得了韩国颁发的Chong Moo奖章，美国空军系统司令部航空航天Primus奖，阿诺德航空协会 JFK奖杯，Sword of Loyola，以及密歇根金刚狼边疆者奖。

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Published on:13:27:45